生殖医学杂志

目的了解北京市平谷区围绝经期妇女健康现状及其对相关保健知识的认知状况。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,于2013年1月1日~12月31日,在平谷地区16个乡镇和2个街道抽取600名围绝经期女性进行调查。结果平谷地区女性目前自然绝经年龄(49±2)岁。40岁之后更年期综合征包括更年期症状评分、更年期抑郁症随年龄增高而明显升高,但在55岁以后反而逐渐好转。血压、血脂、血糖异常、骨折的发生率随年龄增高而升高;其中更年期症状评分及更年期抑郁症、高血压、高血糖的发生率,城镇低于农村。高血脂发生率农村低于城镇。绝经激素治疗是防治更年期综合征的有效方法,但目前我区围绝经期妇女对"绝经激素治疗利大于弊"的知晓率为31.92%,其中农村知晓率为15.79%,一般城镇居民知晓率为48.79%,医务人员的知晓率为68.18%。医务人员知晓率高于一般城镇居民,一般城镇居民知晓率高于农村,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。被调查者中曾经使用或目前正在使用绝经激素治疗者3.23%,其中农村妇女使用率为1.21%,城镇妇女使用率为5.24%,医务人员使用率为16.67%。医务人员使用率高于本区的一般人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);城镇妇女使用率高于农村妇女,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论我区围绝经期妇女的健康现状不容忽视,围绝经期妇女对绝经激素治疗的知晓率及使用率均很低。对围绝经期妇女的保健工作急需要加强,尤其是农村妇女。

Objective:To explore the health status of perimenopausal women in Pinggu district of Beijing as well as their knowledge about menopause and hormone replacement therapy(HRT).Methods:The method of stratified and cluster sampling was used.A total of 600 women of 40-60years old from l6 towns and two streets of Pinggu district were interviewed from Jan.to Dec.2013.Results:The mean age at natural menopause was(49±2)years old.The incidence of climacteric symptoms including menopausal symptom score and depression after forty years was significantly increased with aging process,but it was gradually improved after 55 years old.Abnormal cholesterol,blood sugar,blood pressure and fracture were significantly increased with aging process.The incidences of climacteric symptoms,depression,high blood pressure,blood sugar in urban residents were lower than those in rural residents.The incidence of high cholesterol was lower in rural residents than urban residents.HRT is effective for protecting and treating the climacteric syndrome,but only 31.92% of the interviewed women knew it,and 3.23%of menopausal women have ever used it.The HRT awareness rate in medical workers(68.18%)was significantly higher than that in urban residents(48.79%)or rural residents(15.79%)(P<0.05).The HRT usage rate in medical works(16.67%)was significantly higher than that in urban residents(5.24%)or rural residents(1.21%)(P<0.05).Conclusions:The health status of the menopause women is not well,and the knowledge and utilization about HRT is very poor in residents of Pinggu district.It is indicated that the health care should be strengthened in this special population especially in rural area.