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在鹿特丹ESHRE/ASRM主办的多囊卵巢综合征 (PCOS)协调会上 ,专家们同意 ,如果妇女有下列三项中的两项即可诊断PCOS :(1)排卵少或不排卵 ;(2 )有高雄激素血症的临床和生化特征 ;(3)超声检查有多囊性卵巢。PCOS确切的病理生理尚不清楚。常见有促性腺激素紊乱导致不排卵和高雄激素血症。近年来 ,有越来越多的证据显示胰岛素抵抗可能在其中起重要的作用。PCOS可能表现有不同的症状 ,包括月经不规律、闭经、多毛或其他高雄激素血症的多种症状和不育。对PCOS患者的处理取决于存在的症状和对生育的要求。有月经不规律的妇女应采用复合口服避孕药或孕激素治疗。合并不育 ,应考虑诱导排卵。如果肥胖 ,应建议减肥。部分妇女在成功减肥后会有排卵 ,减肥也将使诱导排卵药物更为有效。PCOS中诱导排卵的一线药物为克罗米酚 ;如果克罗米酚不能诱导排卵 ,可试用胰岛素增敏剂如二甲双胍加克罗米酚 ;再不排卵 ,应当使用人促性腺激素。PCOS患者通常对促性腺激素非常敏感 ,卵巢过度刺激综合征和多胎妊娠的危险性高。在对克罗米酚无反应的妇女中 ,腹腔镜下卵巢打孔也是有效的。对主要表现多毛 ,有多种药物可以应用如环丙孕酮和安体舒通。有关PCOS长期患者可能合并内膜癌、糖尿病、高血压和心血管疾病的危险。采用适当的方法和
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基本信息:
中图分类号:R711.75
引用信息:
[1]何柏松,P.C.HO,田秦杰.多囊卵巢综合征[J].生殖医学杂志,2004(06):334-337.
2004-12-30
2004-12-30